Social Impacts of Gambling
Gambling involves the wagering of something of value on an uncertain event with the intent to win something else of value. It can be anything from the buying of lottery tickets by people with very little income to sophisticated casino gambling carried out by the wealthy for profit or as a pastime. The act of gambling is illegal in some countries. Gambling can be addictive, and it may cause people to lose control of their finances and relationships. It can also be very dangerous, especially for those with mental illnesses.
The most common causes of gambling problems are financial, relationship or family issues, depression, boredom and stress. Many of these issues can be solved by learning healthier ways to self-soothe unpleasant feelings and unwind, such as exercising, spending time with friends who do not gamble, or taking up new hobbies. It is important to set aside a fixed amount of money that you are willing to risk and not go over it. Many problem gamblers start gambling when they are bored or lonely and end up losing all of their money.
Those who have problems with gambling may experience a number of negative consequences, including strained relationships with friends and family, poor health and job performance, and an increased risk of criminal activity. These negative effects can result in a significant loss of quality of life and are often exacerbated by co-occurring problems such as alcohol or drug abuse. Some studies have found that gambling can trigger the same brain reactions as drinking alcohol or taking drugs, resulting in changes in the way the person behaves and thinking.
Although the majority of gambling research focuses on economic and casino impacts, it is important to consider the social costs and benefits associated with gambling. These effects are often overlooked, as they are nonmonetary in nature and difficult to measure. In addition, they tend to be influenced by individual preferences and biases, which can make them hard to distinguish from a person’s own cost/benefit calculation.
In this paper, we present a conceptual model for the analysis of gambling impacts, which separates them into costs and benefits categorized by three classes: financial, labor and well-being. The classes manifest on personal, interpersonal and community/society levels. Financial impacts include gambling revenues, tourism impacts and changes in infrastructure costs or value. Labor and well-being impacts involve the impact that gambling has on employees, such as changing job performance or absenteeism. In terms of community/societal impacts, we use the term disability weights to describe the per-person burden of a health state on quality of life.
Using this framework, we develop a methodology for assessing the impacts of gambling from a public health perspective. We focus on evaluating the intangible, societal-level benefits and costs of gambling – a target explicated by Walker and Williams. This approach to analyzing the social impacts of gambling could serve as a foundation for future research and policy development in this area.